Roman Empire Map

Roman Republic in 133 BC: map

The Republic now ruled provinces in Spain, Africa, Greece and, with Pergamon, Asia.

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133 BCabout 805,540 km²Pergamon is bequeathed to Rome; Numantia falls in Spain
Key

Territory

  • Roman Empire Territory at the chosen date
  • Eastern empire From AD 395, the part later called Byzantine
  • Western empire AD 395 and, as reconquests, AD 565

Layers

  • Province border Where provinces are shown, AD 200 outlines
  • Roman city Pleiades places attested in the period
  • Main Roman road Itiner-e, about AD 150 (not tied to the date)
  • Modern country border Today’s borders, for comparison

Borders are approximate and debated. Frontier zones were not hard lines, and client kingdoms are not counted unless the source map includes them. Outlines for 133 BC, 44 BC, AD 14 and the later dates are rebuilt from the province outlines of AD 200, so early frontiers look more settled than they were. 264 BC and the Byzantine dates follow modern regional boundaries and are coarser still. 753 BC is a symbolic dot on Rome.

Roman Republic in 133 BC at a glance

In 133 BC the Roman state covered about 805,540 km². That is 512.5% more than at 264 BC. It took in all or part of 16 modern countries, with the biggest shares of San Marino (100%), Vatican City (100%) and Albania (88%).

Rome was still a Republic run by the Senate and elected magistrates, but it now governed provinces overseas. The year also saw the political violence around the reformer Tiberius Gracchus.

Pergamon is bequeathed to Rome; Numantia falls in Spain.

  • 805,540 km²area of the empire
  • +512.5%since 264 BC
  • 16modern countries inside
  • 13provinces held

Provinces held at the date (AD 200 AWMC borders), clipped to the AWMC extent for 60 BC. Approximate; Republican control inland was patchy. This outline is built by joining the provinces held at the date, using AWMC province outlines from AD 200, so the frontier shapes are the AD 200 ones. Dates, not borders, are the evidence here. Borders are approximate and debated.

What changed since 264 BC

The area grew by about 674,025 km² (512.5%), from 131,515 km² to 805,540 km². No provinces were added or lost on this table.

Modern countries newly inside: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, San Marino, Serbia, Spain and Tunisia.

Which modern countries were inside the empire in 133 BC?

16 modern countries were at least partly inside the empire. The share is the part of today's country that fell inside the outline above. The largest shares were San Marino, Vatican City, Albania, Italy, Greece and Montenegro.

CountryShare insideArea inside (km²)
San Marino100%60.3
Vatican City100%under 1
Roman Albania88%25,011
Roman Italy84%251,726
Roman Greece78%102,136
Roman Montenegro75%10,294
Roman North Macedonia75%18,989
Roman Malta57%187
Roman Spain57%283,813
Roman Bosnia and Herzegovina43%22,207
Roman Tunisia34%53,361
Andorra32%146
Roman Croatia28%15,682
Roman Serbia2.4%1,878
Roman Bulgaria2.2%2,504
Roman France1.7%9,395

Shares are measured against the part of each country inside a box around the Mediterranean world, so overseas territories do not count. A country counts as inside only above 1% of its area or 500 km².

Provinces held in 133 BC

Province outlines are the AD 200 ones. Where the source map joins several provinces, the province page says so.

See every known Roman road on romanroadsmap.com →

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